Roman tiles – flat in the middle, with a concave curve at one end and a convex curve at the other, to allow interlocking.Imbrex and tegula – an ancient Roman pattern of curved and flat tiles that make rain channels on a roof.Some tiles are still manufactured in this traditional way. The colours were generated through the control of the kiln atmosphere to generate either red, brown or blue tiles depending on the degree of reduction in the kiln. They are specified generally for their aesthetic properties. These are double-lap tiles made originally from clay but more recently in concrete. Plain clay tiles – The size of the plain clay tile 10 + 1⁄ 2 by 6 + 1⁄ 2 inches (270 mm × 170 mm) was originally defined by statute in 1477 during the reign of Edward IV.Flat roof tiles are usually made of clay but also may be made of stone, wood, plastic, concrete, or solar cells. An example of this is the clay-made "beaver-tail" tile (German Biberschwanz ), common in Southern Germany. Flat tiles – the simplest type, which are laid in regular overlapping rows.Numerous shapes (or "profiles") of roof tiles have evolved. It is no longer a cheap material, however, and is now less common. Slate roof tiles were traditional in some areas near sources of supply, and gave thin and light tiles when the slate was split into its natural layers. This form of tiling gives an imitation of brickwork and was developed to give the appearance of brick, but avoided the brick taxes of the 18th century. Another form of this is the so-called mathematical tile, which was hung on laths, nailed and then grouted. Often these tiles are shaped at the exposed end to give a decorative effect. These are hung on laths nailed to wall timbers, with tiles specially molded to cover corners and jambs. Similarly to roof tiling, tiling has been used to provide a protective weather envelope to the sides of timber frame buildings. These can either be bedded and pointed in cement mortar or mechanically fixed. They include ridge, hip and valley tiles. There are also roof tiles for special positions, particularly where the planes of the several pitches meet. The tiles are usually hung in parallel rows, with each row overlapping the row below it to exclude rainwater and to cover the nails that hold the row below. Roof tiles are 'hung' from the framework of a roof by fixing them with nails. Modern materials such as concrete, metal and plastic are also used and some clay tiles have a waterproof glaze. Roof tiles are designed mainly to keep out rain, and are traditionally made from locally available materials such as terracotta or slate.
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